Buddhist conceptualization and treatment of anger.

From the Buddhist point of view, anger is a form of suffering-because the angry individual suffers as well as his or her victims. In the traditional Buddhist view, suffering is caused by three mental factors, The Three Poisons: Desire, Aversion, and Ignorance. The dynamics of anger are conceptualized on the basis of these three mental factors, as well as the biology of anger and aggression. The treatment of anger is presented in seven steps: (i) Taking Responsibility; (ii) Becoming Aware; (iii) Understanding Anger; (iv) Reflection; (v) Decision: (vi) Relaxation; and (vii) Opening the Heart.